Explanation Text Part 2

Definition of Explanation Text

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

An explanation text tells your audience how something works or why something happens.

Explanations detail and logically describe the stages in a process, such as the water cycle, or how a steam engine works.  Other examples could be how a law is made, or why we blink when we sneeze.

There are three types of explanations :

  • Sequential – These detail the stages in an event eg: how a caterpillar turns into a moth.

  • Causal - Details what causes the change from one stage to the next is: How a president is elected.

  • Theoretical - Details the possible phenomena behind a natural or created process that is not fully understood. eg What caused the Nazi's to lose World War II.

  • Factorial and consequential explanations explain effects and outcomes of processes. They are more commonly used in upper primary and secondary

Generic Structure of Explanation Text

– General statement
General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.
– Sequenced of explanation
Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

Purpose of Explanation Text

– Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena.
– To explain how or why something happens.

According to Mark Anderson and Kathy Anderson (1997: 82) says that the explanation text type is often used to tell how and why thing (phenomena) occur in nature.

Language Features of Explanation Text

In an explanation text, there are linguistic features as below :
– Using simple present tense
– Using abstract noun (no visible noun)
– Using Passive voice
– Using Action verbs
– Containing explanation of the process ..

Example of Explanation Text

Global Warming


As we know now, global warming which is happening right now has a very big impact on natural conditions, animals and humans. Well, do you know how global warming which has a particularly serious impact on life happens? To know the process of how this phenomenon occurs, see the following explanation.

The process starts when sunlight shines the earth where most of the heat is absorbed by the earth and a half of it is reflected back onto the air (atmosphere). Sunshine returning to the air is trapped by gases in the atmosphere such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, water vapor, and so on. This event is known as the greenhouse effect.

Solar radiation on the earth's atmosphere makes ozone layer get thinner and makes the sunlight which shines the Earth become hotter. The greenhouse effect also causes the sunlight which is reflected back onto space is reflected back into the earth. This phenomenon causes the earth continuously getting hotter. This condition is known as global warming.

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